How to Become an Epidemiologist

Epidemiologists are at the forefront of public health, protecting communities from disease and shaping how society responds to health threats. They study the causes of disease and illness, monitor spread and identify prevention strategies. The work an epidemiologist does shapes public health policy and supports efforts to develop relevant treatments. During the COVID-19 pandemic, research from epidemiologists formed the backbone of government efforts to stop the spread of the illness. Few careers offer the opportunity to shield entire populations from disease and save lives. Epidemiology is one of them.¹

Employers seek epidemiologist candidates with a bachelor's and a master's degree. Some roles may also require a doctorate. Advanced education can open doors to opportunities in government agencies and private health companies.²

If you're drawn to work in which your analytical mind and scientific training can protect entire communities from disease, a career in epidemiology may be your calling. In this guide, you'll discover the educational path that leads to this vital profession—and learn how you can position yourself to make meaningful contributions to public health from day one.

What Does an Epidemiologist Do?

When a disease outbreak occurs, epidemiologists have the profound responsibility and privilege of protecting community health. Their role is structured around health research and finding effective ways to prevent and treat illness. To accomplish those tasks, epidemiologists create and oversee studies related to public health problems.¹

Epidemiologists collect and analyze data obtained through clinical observations, surveys, interviews and other sources to learn more about an illness and better understand disease patterns. They share findings with other health professionals, government policymakers and the public to support informed decision-making.¹

The work of an epidemiologist can have strong positive impacts on local communities and global health. For example, during the COVID-19 pandemic, epidemiologists discovered key facts about the illness through their investigations. They learned that it spread quickly, even among people who didn't exhibit symptoms. This research helped inform governmental policies aimed at containing disease transmission.³

Key Skills and Traits of Successful Epidemiologists

Epidemiology is a rigorous field that requires strong analytical skills. Professionals often spend much of their day reviewing clinical research and data. The ability to think objectively and critically empowers an epidemiologist to deliver informative results that serve the public health interest.⁴

Strong communication skills can benefit epidemiologists, who interact with patients, healthcare practitioners, research scientists and policymakers. The ability to speak clearly and directly with a range of individuals can support stronger collaboration.⁴

A certain level of adaptability may be necessary, especially for epidemiologists who work in global roles. They may travel to developing areas and serve communities where infectious diseases are common. A willingness to work in these conditions will be an asset.⁴

Epidemiologist Education Requirements Explained

What education is needed to become an epidemiologist? At a minimum, aspiring epidemiologists should obtain a bachelor's degree in a science field such as public health or biology. An undergraduate degree in sociology or statistics can also be useful.⁴

Many employers require epidemiologists to hold a master's degree in epidemiology. Graduate-level education provides specialized training in clinical research, public health epidemiology and biostatistics. Earning a doctorate in epidemiology can also be beneficial, particularly for employment in research institutions.⁴

How Long Does it Take to Become an Epidemiologist?

The standard timeline to earn a bachelor's degree is four years. A master's degree usually requires an additional two years.⁵ Those who intend to earn a doctorate may study for an additional four to eight years.⁶ In total, a professional pursuing a master's degree may spend approximately six years before qualifying for an epidemiologist role. Those who earn a doctorate will likely study for 10 to 14 years.

Completion times can vary. Some students have more time to devote to their studies. They may take courses during the summer and extra classes during the fall and spring semesters, allowing them to graduate within a shorter timeframe. Other students attend classes part-time, which can lengthen their time to program completion.⁵

After earning a bachelor's degree, graduates may enter the workforce rather than continue their education right away. These students can decide to enter epidemiology after gaining some professional experience and return to their studies in later years. This could extend the time it takes to qualify for an epidemiology role.⁵

Steps to Becoming an Epidemiologist

If your heart is intent on becoming an epidemiologist and making a difference in public health, there are several things you can do to set yourself up for success.

1. Complete the requisite education: Commit to earning your bachelor's and master's degrees. If you envision directing university research, a doctorate may be necessary.
2. Apply for internships: Practical experience can enhance your resume and connect you with potential employers.
3. Earn a certification: Epidemiology certificate programs are available through some universities. Consider earning one to update your skills.
4. Network: Participate in conferences, seminars and other gatherings with fellow public health workers. Connections with people in your field may lead to future job opportunities.

Epidemiology is competitive, but education and practical experience can help you stand out and obtain the role you're working for.

Career Paths and Opportunities for Epidemiologists

According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), the top employers of epidemiologists include state and local governments. Other employers include public and private hospitals, scientific research institutions and universities. Most epidemiologists work in offices and labs, but some may perform their duties in the field or in clinical settings.⁷ Potential earnings as an epidemiologist can reach $85,222⁸—a strong salary that rewards you for the meaningful, effective work you do.

As epidemiology evolves, new opportunities are arising. Areas that will reshape epidemiological research are artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML). These tools allow epidemiologists to process enormous amounts of data in ways that weren't possible several years ago. Findings gleaned from the use of advanced ML and AI models could lead to advanced treatments that save lives.

Global health security is another opportunity, as epidemiologists develop solutions that improve disease detection and containment. This could lead to a reduction in outbreaks and improve health quality throughout the world.⁹

Prepare for a Rewarding Career as an Epidemiologist

Imagine yourself tracking disease patterns that inform policy for the U.S. Centers on Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Picture leading outbreak investigations that protect your community. Envision your research contributing to treatments that save lives. This is the career for which Kent State University's online Master of Science in Clinical Epidemiology prepares you.

Our STEM-designated program offers more than rigorous training in biostatistics, research methods and clinical epidemiology—it connects you with distinguished faculty who are actively shaping public health through millions of dollars in funded research. You'll learn from professors who advise government agencies, publish influential research and maintain partnerships with more than 300 healthcare organizations throughout Northeast Ohio's major healthcare corridor.

Study 100% online with the flexibility your current commitments require, and complete your degree in as few as 24 months. You'll build lasting professional relationships with public health professionals nationwide, expanding your network while deepening your expertise.

The field needs skilled epidemiologists. Communities need your analytical mindset and dedication to public health. Kent State can help you get there. Schedule a conversation with an admissions outreach advisor to learn how our online MS in Clinical Epidemiology can transform your career and amplify your impact.